With actually there are two kinds of behaviors. One is innate behavior. One is learned behavior. Innate behavior that's what we talk about actually, was born to have that kind of behavior without any kind of learning or experience. Okay. But if it is learned behaviour then you need, you moved a lot of things actually to learning. For innate behavior, most likely, this one like the spider. [FOREIGN]. And then the bird actually built a nest. [FOREIGN] They don't need learning. They can build by themselves. And let's make a comparison. You need behavior things of course. It's genetic determined. And it can inherited from parents. This no environmental input. No learning [INAUDIBLE]. This is the innate behavior. We compare this with the learned behavior. Yeah, this is the difference between these two behaviors. We have sensory, we have motor. We have the neural circuitry. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Yeah, yes, okay. This you cannot control, right? [LAUGH] >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Yep. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Okay, okay. So that is innate behavior, right? >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Okay. That's a good [INAUDIBLE]. So, actually, I don't know actually the true answer because it's still, the definition of that behavior is debatable. How do you think? >> I don't know [INAUDIBLE] But personally I think that it is possible that it is [INAUDIBLE] >> Okay. Voluntary movement. I think maybe more unprofitable behavior, right? Why is it so opposite. >> No, no, no, I didn't say the opposite, I said that if it's involuntary behavior that it's definitely, it definitely cannot be the basis for behavior. >> Okay. >> If it's voluntary then it may or may not be, not necessarily 100% >> Right, right, right. That is a good point. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Good. Yep. So okay, so let's move on, let's see so we have a behavior here, okay, and it's in how you study that behavior in the gene. So if you want to study the, what kind of a gene can show the behavior? How can you study? Designs or experiments or any more model for this kind of study? How can you study this kind of relation? Okay, so you make some mutant. And it is screen the behavior change. And if you found the cell phenotype then you know, okay, this gene controls the behavior. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> Related to the behavior, right, okay. >> [INAUDIBLE] Behavior we mentioned today has many movement involved in [INAUDIBLE] and control based this term so that behavior may not be [INAUDIBLE]. So maybe the one defined it's hard really hard to find. >> It's difficult right? >> Yeah. [INAUDIBLE] >> Okay. Right, I guess this concern, indeed actually. Very important actually, okay. So, even you found some gene or changes of behavior. It might not be the direct actually control of the behavior. Maybe it's just one link changes one point along the whole process, right? But still you can pinpoint. If you find some gene and then you locate actually under which neuro section point actually make the change then you still can study the effects, right? So okay, ofcourse we can maybe use some other more conditions, for example if the two brothers and sisters. Even if they are twins, and then maybe, in some case, actually it's a gene actually is 100% actually identical. And then maybe we have different behaviors, right? Under those case, actually you know, actually maybe there's not gene control the difference. Maybe it's the environment. And sometimes maybe you can study the issue okay. And the in between actually maybe they only show 50% of the gene and then they have very different behavior. And for this kind of behavior genetics you can also make some study about the gene that controls the behavior, right? But actually the most straightforward is not those study. Actually it's this kind of study, okay, so from Seymour Benzer. Seymour Benzer actually is a very clever scientist. And you see [FOREIGN]. And then molecular biologist and then also he studied kind of the DNA, those kind of related things. Molecular biology. And later, about late 1960s and then his school started to study the behavior, the gene and the behavior relation, okay? Is called neurogenetics. And what he used, actually, is [FOREIGN]. [FOREIGN] you can make a lot of mutations. And at that time nobody will think about actually, yeah this is that kind of behavior can control the bio syncl gene. The dominant view at that time, no it's impossible. One gene you cannot control that behavior and the gene is under that kind of a they make this. And actually there is quite an interesting book about Seymour Benzer. It is a writer. And he wrote this book for Seymour Benzer. After 1971, actually. His group actually studied a lot of genes, and controls of behaviors. For example, the gene controls the the circadian rhythm. And then also he studied, actually it's the genes control the mating of the animals. And also of course they studied the genes control the memory. Now this book is about Seymour Benzer. A very good book.
