[MUSIC] Hello, my name is Jean Zermatten. I am pleased to give you a short overview of the international legal framework on juvenile justice and child protection. I will first speak about the three main United Nations texts on juvenile justice. Then the two main articles of the CRC devoted to juvenile justice to speak also about the guidelines for child victims and witnesses. Present shortly, the General Comment 10 on Juvenile Justice. And give you a short introduction to the guidelines on child friendly justice published by the Council of Europe. But to do all this, I will invite you to an intercontinental journey. Starting in Beijing, then New York, Riyadh, Havana and then we land in Europe, Vienna, Geneva, and Strasbourg. The first step is Beijing, and we are, in 1985, and in Beijing, capital of China. The specialized people in juvenile justice worked on UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Justice. The date of these rules are important because they predate the convention. The purpose was to give guidance to the state party on juvenile justice when drafting the legislation or when reviewing the legislation. The main principle have been integrated in the CRC convention, giving them binding effects through this integration. The next step is New York in 1989, with the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. As you know, there is a big impact on juvenile justice with first the fundamental idea, the dignity of the child. And this idea was integrated in Article 40 of the convention. We have two specific articles in the convention on juvenile justice. Article 37 on the answer to give to criminal offenses. And Article 40, with this dignity principle. And what to owe to build a system in juvenile justice but also, the UN Convention formulated four general principle, which are of big importance in juvenile justice. So, next stop was in Riyadh in 1990, where the international community worked on UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, tackling the problem in a comprehensive way. Prevention cannot be limited to the justice area and must include community, family, children and adolescence. The motto of prevention is, prevention is everybody's business. Another important issue was, all to help children to make relevant choices. Then we fly to Havana. Havana, 1990, also. And for the UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty. These rules are intended to counteract the detrimental effect of deprivation of liberty and to ensure the respect for children's right. Emphasis was put on pretrial detention, phase of arrest and situation in police station. Important to note that deprivation of liberty is applicable not only for custody but also for institutions. And an obsession of the Havana rules is that deprivation of liberty should be a disposition of last result and for the minimum period of time. Then we land in Europe, in Vienna in 2005. We have the publication of Guidelines on Justice for Child Victims and Witnesses of Crimes, with some basic principles, the right to effective assistance. The right to be protected from justice process hardship. The right to safety, important, the right to reparation, re-integration, compensation as a respect to the right of privacy. In Geneva in 2007, the committee on the CRC issued the General Comment No 10, Children's rights in juvenile justice. Giving the core element of a comprehensive policy on juvenile justice, tackling the issue of age, of intervention, what is diversion, the measures, alternative, and the guarantee for a fair trial. The final stop is Strasbourg in 2010, where the Council of Europe adopted the guidelines on child friendly justice. These guidelines are intended to favor children's access to justice and is intended also to be used by professionals working in the criminal, civil and administrative justice system. And adopt a multidisciplinary approach. These guidelines focus at the end on the need of training for all professionals. Juvenile justice is a very sensitive field where the training for all professionals is necessary. I thank you very much for your attention. [MUSIC]