Good morning everyone. My topic is clinical characteristics and typing of coronavirus pneumonia in children. I am Li Liu professor of pediatrics. I'm working in The First-Time Affiliated, the Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. We know for the corona virus, all the population are susceptible including children, but there are some different characteristics in children. Today, let's take a look at what are the characteristics? How to typing of coronavirus pneumonia in children? First, from the clinical characteristics, we can see in the children, fever and the cough are common, as well as sign of fatigue, myalgia, stuffy nose, runny nose, sneeezing, sore throat, headache, dizziness etc. Some children and neonatal cases may have a typical symptoms, manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, or only manifested as a poor response and shortness of breath. Most of cases of children significantly milder, recover faster, and the prognosis is good. Critical cases often have underlying disease or multiple infections. From the lab test, first we can see blood routine and the CRP tests, children's leukocyte, and the absolute lymphocyte counts are mostly normal. CRP can be elevated but most are normal. Other tests, if we find the baby changes in blood biochemistry and coagulation function, it suggests severe illness, because the virus injures other organs. From imaging examination, chest X-ray is the common since, in the early stage, there are usually no abnormal changes, and the rate of misdiagnosis is high in children. As the disease progresses, it can be manifested as bronchitis or bronchiolitis changes or local patchy shadows. In severer cases, there are diffuse multiple consolidation changes in the lungs. We can see like this. Chest CT, high resolution CT is preferred for the children and the adults. Children with underlying lung disease should pay attention to the identification of new lesions based on the original imaging. According to the disease process, it can be divided into following four stages. Early stage, we can say localized lesions, subsegmental or segmental patchy shadows and ground glass shadows distributed under the pleura, with or without thickening of lobular septum. We can see from here. Progression stage: The lesions increase, the scope expands, multiple lung lobes are involved, and some lesions become consolidated, which can coexist with ground glass shadow or strip shadow. For severe stage, it is a diffuse lesion of the lung, mainly with consolidation, and the few are "white lungs", the whole lung involve showing bronchial air signs. Pleural effusion and the pneumothorax are rare. During recovery stage, we can see the absorption of the original lesion improves for the diagnosis and the clinical typing. According to the clinical characteristics of existing childhood infection cases, it is divided into the following clinical types: Asymptomatic infection is the first type. There were no clinical signs and symptoms, and the chest radiography was normal, but the positive of the coronavirus nucleic acid test, or the serum-specific antibody was retrospectively diagnosed as infection. Mild infection: Acute upper respiratory infection manifestations, including fever, fatigue, myalgia, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and the sneezing. Physical examination revealed congestion in the pharynx, so no positive signs in the the lung. Some children may not have the aforementioned symptoms. The third type is common infection: Presented as pneumonia, frequent fever or cough, mostly dry cough, followed by sputum cough, some may have wheezing, but there is no obvious hypoxia such as shortness of a breath, lung can hear sputum or dry rales, and or wet rales. Some children have no clinic signs and the symptoms, but chest CT findings of lung lesions are sub-clinical. The type four is severe infection. Early respiratory symptoms such as fever and the cough for maybe accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. The disease usually progress around one week, dyspnea occurs, and there is a hypoxic manifestation such as pulse oximetry from the SPOA2, you can see less one, 0.92 or you can see central cyanosis. Imaging changes are obvious. For the standard of severe infection, there are five points. The first one is shortness of breath. For different ages, we have different respirator rate RR, if the baby less than two months of age, RR are more than or equal to 60 per minute, 2 to 12 months of age, RR is more than or equal to 50 per minute. One to five years old, RR is more than or equal to 40 per minute. If the baby is more than five years old, the respiratory rate is more than or equal to 30 per minute, but you should remember, you must, except for the effects of fever and crying. The second point is oxygen saturation less or equal to 92 percent at rest. The third one is assisted breathing. You can find the groaning, wing flaps, triple concave sign, cyanosis, intermittent apnea. The fourth point is lethargy and the convulsions. If you find these, it's severe infection. The fifth one is refuse to feed or feeding difficulties, with signs of dehydration. Critical infection. It can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, we call the ARDS or respiratory failure, and can also occur with multiple organ dysfunctions such as shock, encephalopathy, myocardial injury or heart failure, coagulation dysfunction, and acute kidney injury, which can be life threatening. Today, we share the "Clinical characteristics and typing of the coronavirus pneumonia in children". We hope it will be helpful for you to understand children's coronavirus infection, that's all. Thanks a lot. We hope we can work together to win the battle against coronavirus. Thanks.