In the earlier parts of this module, we have examined the three schedules forming part of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act 2017 or the CGST Act. We analyze the transactions that will be treated as supply even when made without a consideration, transactions deemed as supply of goods and as supply of services, and transactions excluded from the scope of supply. In this part of the module, we explore some of the key concepts under GST. Such as interstate and intrastate supplies, exempted and non-GST supplies. Composite and mixed supplies, and evaluate the definition of aggregate turnover from a GST levy perspective as per the provisions laid down in the CGST Act and Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act 2017 or the IGST Act. While we shall be examining some of these concepts in greater detail in other modules, we will briefly touch upon a few concepts here in order to provide you a better perspective on the contours of GST. In this video, we will delve into the concept of interstate and intrastate supplies. Before we begin, let us understand the meaning of location of supplier and place of supply under GST. As per the IGST Act, location of the supplier of services means location of the place for which registration has been obtained where a supply is made from such place. Location of fixed establishment where the supply is made from a place other than the place of business for which registration has been obtained. Location of the establishment most directly concerned with the supply, where supply is made from more than one establishment. Location of the usual place of residence of the supplier, in case any of these are not ascertainable. Unlike in the case of services, location of the supplier of goods is a term that is not defined in the law. This is not an oversight from the lawmakers, but a deliberate intention of the lawmakers to leave it to the facts of each case to determine the location of supplier of goods. Place of supply appears to be a phrase that is easily understandable, but due to the presence of Chapter 5 of the IGST Act, which talks about the place of supply of goods or services or both, the common understanding of this phrase will have to be disregarded and the meaning ascribed to it from Section 10 to 14 of the IGST Act shall be applied. Thus, place of supply is a phrase of legal significance, and its meaning is to be determined by examining the respective sections in Chapter 5. We will demonstrate the provisions using a subsection for determination of place of supply of goods. As per Section 10(1)(a) of the IGST Act, the place of supply of goods where the supply involves movement of goods, whether by the supplier, or the recipient, or by any other person, shall be the location of the goods at the time at which the movement of goods terminates for delivery to the recipient. For example, a manufacturer in Maharashtra agrees to supply goods to a company in Delhi. Goods are transported by the supplier to Delhi, that is, the customer's premises. The place of supply shall be the location where movement terminates for delivery. That is Delhi in this case. What is the relevance of the location of supplier and place of supply? Determination of location of the supplier and place of supply are used to determine where a person is required to obtain registration, whether a particular supply is interstate or intrastate, and which state gets the tax revenue with respect to a particular transaction. Let us now understand the meaning of interstate supply and intrastate supply. Interstate supply: As per Section 7 of the IGST Act, the supply of goods or services where the location of the supplier and place of supply are in two different states, or union territories, or a state and union territory, the same shall be treated as interstate supplies. Furthermore, some other transactions that are specifically prescribed as interstate supplies are import of goods or services into India. Supplies in which the supplier is located in India, and place of supply is outside India, supplies to or buy a special economic zone developer or unit. Supplies that are not intrastate supplies and not specified elsewhere. For instance, say the supplier of goods, Mr. John, is located in Tamil Nadu. The goods are sent to a customer in Karnataka, therefore, the place of supply is Karnataka. In this case, since the location of the supplier and the place of supply are in different states, the transaction will be considered as an interstate supply. As per Section 8 of the IGST Act, supply of goods or services where the location of the supplier and place of supply are in the same state shall be treated as intrastate supplies. It excludes transactions which are specifically identified as interstate supplies, such as supplies to or from an SEZ unit or developer, import and export transactions, and supplies made to a non-resident tourist leaving India. Say Mr. John of Tamil Nadu supplies goods to M/s. Newbooks Limited of Tamil Nadu. Then, the supply will be treated as an intrastate supply since the location of the supplier and place of supply are in the same state. However, if M/s. Newbooks Limited is an SEZ unit, then the supply will be treated as an interstate supply by virtue of Section 7 of the IGST Act. You may note that Central Goods and Services Tax or CGST, and State Goods and Services Tax or SGST, or Union Territory GST, or UTGST, shall be applicable on intrastate supplies where Integrated Goods and Services Tax, or IGST, shall be applicable on interstate supplies. Import of goods. We need to pause here and examine two kinds of transactions. Transactions that commence outside the territory of India and are concluded outside the territory of India. Transactions that commence outside India, but conclude by entering the territory of India. For example, a company in Germany supplies goods from Germany to another company in Sri Lanka. This is not a supply in the course of interstate trade or commerce because it commences and concludes outside the territory of India. Even in the case, the goods were supplied by the company in Germany, from Germany to a customer incorporated in India, if the goods are not brought into India but sold in High Seas to yet another company in Singapore. Special category of interstate supplies. As we have already discussed, certain categories of supplies of goods or services are treated as being in the course of interstate trade or commerce, such as when the supplier is located in India and the place of supply is outside India. Here, it is important to note that supply to the SEZ developer or unit is treated as an interstate supply. Supply by this SEZ developer or unit will also be treated as interstate supply. Furthermore, the implication of this provision is also that supply between one SEZ developer or unit and another will also be treated as a supply in the course of interstate trade or commerce. With this, we come to an end of this video. You have now understood the meaning of interstate and intrastate supplies and how they determine GST computation. In the next video, you will learn what are exempted supplies and non-taxable or non-GST supplies. We will also familiarize you with the concept of reverse charge mechanism.