For these items, we are going to talk about the survey designer and also considerations for selecting indicator to miss error in a survey. A survey design process starts by defining the survey objectives that will be used to derive the list of indicators for your study. Based on the list of indicators, you have to figure it out now, on the appropriate sampling design for your study, to also think about the sample size calculations and also on drafting your questionnaire based on the list of your indicators. Throughout the design process, there is a need to take into account the resources needed to implement the study. Timing, staffing, findings, are area of considerations to include in the resources to implement your studies. Based on resources available, you may need to recalculate your sample size, revisit the list of indicators, and revise accordingly your survey objectives. For selecting the indicators needed for your study, there are question to ask yourself. These questions are: what are your survey objectives; what indicators do you need to meet your objectives. These questions can be divided in sub-questions, like: are the indicators for your study relevant? Are your indicators of interests measurable? What about the feasibility of your indicators? In term of money, timing, staffing, or other resources are needed to implement your study. You can also ask yourself to know that, if your indicators are comparable as per standard definitions of Indicators or whether your indicators are comparable all the times. We are going to go throughout all of those questions one by one to see the meanings of those questions. Before presenting those different questions, there is a need to have a look at what can we do in term of evaluations. Evaluations framework can be used to assess inputs, process of interventions or access, output, outcome, and impact from your interventions. It is therefore very important to know what you will be able to measure based on household survey. Household survey can be used to measure increase in service utilizations. Household survey can also be used to assess outcomes like intervention coverage, behavioral change, and assess intervention's impact in term of survival or nutrition status as example. Concerning the first questions, that consists to know that the objective of your study. You need to do develop a survey objectives and to do so, you have to ask yourself, what you want to know at the end of the day of your survey. Why do you want to know or to get a specific information? How you will use the information you collect or you plan to collect, and how this information will contribute to important knowledge for your organizations, for your interventions, or for the community where the study of interventions is implemented. After asking yourself about the survey objectives, the next question is about the relevance of your indicators. Do use your survey objectives to guide your indicator selections and you have to ask yourself to know whether your programs are result, for instance, in increase in the proportion of women giving birth at health facilities. Every example are regarding the relevance of your indicators is to know the proportions of under 5 children who are malnourished. However, do not include the items that would just be "interesting to know". Do not include items on the off chance that may come in handy or because they are just available. In terms of durability of your indicators, it's highly recommended to check high quality survey program to know if your indicator is included. As a program survey, we have the demographic and health survey, the MICS indicator cluster survey, the Aids indicator survey, and the malaria indicators survey. To assess whether your indicators are measurable, you may also review any literature on indicators validity, but if there is no evidence on validity, you may consider whether respondents can reasonably be expected to report accurately on the numerator and denominator you're going to use to populate your indicator. You may also need to pre-test questions regarding the indicators in the settings in which they will be asked. While adaptations of setting specific elements may be necessary, be cautious about making other changes to standard questions because standard questions are relevant to populate standard indicators used by survey programs like the AIS or MICS. In the event there is no evidence about the validity, you may consider the face validity or to compare your indicators with other surveys. A face validity is a simple form of validity where you apply a superficial and subjective assessment of whether or not your indicator neither what is it supposed to measure? To also assess whether your indicator is measurable, you can also consult with someone who has experience in implementing the indicators where they're possible. Are the indicators feasible? This is never a question to answer in the process for selecting your indicators. In terms of feasibility, you have to consider the cost of including the indicator. Some indicator may require larger sample size. For instance, indicators specific to adolescence are 105 children. In last sample size, also implies more money to implement the study. The cost of indicators may also be related that the indicator also may need the particular commodities supplies during the data collections. We can provide as examples of biomarkers needed for malaria or HIV. What is the technical feasibility of your indicators? The technical feasibility of your indicators refer to a staffing that you may need. For some indicators of survey, staffing with particular skills may be required and also particular supply like biomarker measurements, lab capability may also be required, so these are some feasibility items that is good to take into account before selecting your indicators. Also timing, it's something to take into account to assess the feasibility of your indicators. What timeline do you have to implement your survey? In this way, you may ask yourself, if your indicators is, for instance, affected by seasonality. This is the case for malaria, for instance. The timeline also include to things about the standard reference periods to define your indicators. Some indicators like postnatal care within the two days of birth require shorter standard reference period that may lead to a very few number of cases. In term of a feasibility of the indicators, there is also a need to think about ethic issues. Is this ethical or sensitive? Is your Indicators in regarding the ethical issues? You have to think about the responsibility of referring some cases you may find during data collections like malnourished children. Also you can ask yourself if a specific indicators may need a referral services. In that case, you have to note data. If a referral service exist for referring, for instance, a case of gender based violence, you may find during data collection. Compatibility of the indicators, it's also one key aspect to consider for selecting your indicators. A question can be to know if you're indicators are comparable to standard indicators, as by the definitions, used by survey programs, like DHS and MICS. If you have both a baseline and an endline survey, make sure that you use the same indicator for both.
