In order to make it clear how these channels are used in actual visualizations, I want to give you a few examples of existing visualization techniques, and how they're used in some of the channels that I have presented in the table. So, here is the first one, position on a common scale. And here there are two graphs. The first one is the bar graph. And in a bar graph, when we are comparing the values that are represented by the bars, we are actually using the channel position on a common scale. That's very interesting because most people at the beginning think that the main channel here is the actual length of the bar. Length does play a role, but since the bars are aligned together, we are visually also comparing the position of these bars. So, if I want to compare the two values, the values of the last two bars of this bar chart, for instance, where I'm actually comparing the position of the end of the bar, and how it corresponds to the values that are presented in the Y-axis. So this is an example of using position on a common scale. The same thing happens in a scatter plot, with the difference is that here we have two positions: horizontal position, and vertical position. Every single dot is positioned on the scatter plot in a way that corresponds to the values that these items has on the X-axis and Y-axis. So once again, this is an example of using position on a common scale. Let me show you how position on unaligned scale works, or how it looks like. Saying that we have two bar charts, one next to the other, and we want to compare the values of the two bars that I marked on these two bar charts. So, in this case, we are still using position, but the position of these two bars is unaligned. They are not sharing the same scale. And because of that, it's a little harder. Let me give you an example of using length. In our stacked bar chart, like the one that I'm showing you in this image, if you want to compare the quantities represented by the segments that are within one bar, what you are visually comparing is the actual length of the segments. You are no longer using position because they are not aligned. So in this case, you are using length. In a line chart, when you are comparing how quickly something changes, you are actually using the slope of the line to visually evaluate these values. So, here I marked two segments in this line chart, and say that you want to compare these two segments in terms of how quickly things are changing at these two moments. So what are you doing visually? You are comparing the slope of these two segments. So this is an example of using slope to encode some quantity. In this map, I am using the size of the bubbles to encode information about some quantity. So, this is an example of using area size, which is another one of the channels that I've shown you in the table. And finally, here is another example, using color intensity. So, the last example is about encoding quantitative information visually, using color intensity. And you may have noticed that the order of the examples that I used is exactly the same order of how effective these channels are.