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Lecture 2.4 - Scala Syntax Summary

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Functional Programming Principles in Scala

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

4.8 (6,758 Bewertungen) | 160K Teilnehmer angemeldet

Kurs 1 von 5 in Functional Programming in Scala Spezialisierung

Functional programming is becoming increasingly widespread in industry. This trend is driven by the adoption of Scala as the main programming language for many applications. Scala fuses functional and object-oriented programming in a practical package. It interoperates seamlessly with both Java and Javascript. Scala is the implementation language of many important frameworks, including Apache Spark, Kafka, and Akka. It provides the core infrastructure for sites such as Twitter, Tumblr and also Coursera. In this course you will discover the elements of the functional programming style and learn how to apply them usefully in your daily programming tasks. You will also develop a solid foundation for reasoning about functional programs, by touching upon proofs of invariants and the tracing of execution symbolically. The course is hands on; most units introduce short programs that serve as illustrations of important concepts and invite you to play with them, modifying and improving them. The course is complemented by a series programming projects as homework assignments. Recommended background: You should have at least one year programming experience. Proficiency with Java or C# is ideal, but experience with other languages such as C/C++, Python, Javascript or Ruby is also sufficient. You should have some familiarity using the command line.

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Kompetenzen, die Sie erwerben

Recursion, Scala Programming, Array Programming, Functional Programming

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4.8 (6,758 Bewertungen)

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AJ

Sep 24, 2019

As expected Martin is awesome in explaining principle of functional programming. I have started reading the book as well to make sure I keep up with the knowledge which I have gained from this course.

RB

Dec 09, 2019

One of the very few courses and Specialization that I highly recommend simply because of the number of materials covered in the best quality possible by the instructor. It's simply an amazing course.

Aus der Unterrichtseinheit

Higher Order Functions

This week, we'll learn about functions as first-class values, and higher order functions. We'll also learn about Scala's syntax and how it's formally defined. Finally, we'll learn about methods, classes, and data abstraction through the design of a data structure for rational numbers.

Lecture 2.1 - Higher-Order Functions10:18

Lecture 2.2 - Currying14:59

Lecture 2.3 - Example: Finding Fixed Points10:46

Lecture 2.4 - Scala Syntax Summary4:13

Lecture 2.5 - Functions and Data11:50

Lecture 2.6 - More Fun With Rationals15:08

Lecture 2.7 - Evaluation and Operators16:25

Unterrichtet von

Martin Odersky
Professor

Skript

Over the last two weeks you've seen several ways to express functions, to compose them, to use them in your program. In this session we are going to review the language constructs that you have seen so far in one syntax summary that you can use as a reference. In fact there's a standard way to describe elements like that with grammar and one of the most commonly used notations for such a grammar is called extended backwards now form. So in that standard backwards now form a vertical bar would denote an alternative. Brackets would denote an optional element zero or one occurrences of an element and braces would denote a repartition zero or more occurrences of an element. Let's start with types. We've seen two form of types, so we would have a bar here. A type in our language is a simple type or a function type. A simple type so far is just an identifier, and the function type is always contains an arrow. And on the left hand side of this arrow could be either a simple type, or a set of types in parenthesis. Another way to put it would be the following. A type can be either a numeric type. So we've seen int and double. But there's also bite, short, character, long, and float. That's the same as the primitive types in Java. Or it could be the boolean types that has values true and false as we have seen. Or it could be the string type. Or it could be a function type such as int to int or a pair of ints to ints. Later, we're going to see more form of types than these. Let's look at expressions. So here you see the complete syntax of expressions. I'm not going to go into detail but it's there for you as reference. Let's look instead at categories of expressions and some examples. So an expressions can be an identifier, such as x or, IsGoodEnough, or it can be a literal, such as zero or 1.0, or "abc". Or it can be a function application, such as square root of x. Or an operator application, such as y + x. Or a selection. We've seen math.abs that selected the abs method from the math module. Or a conditional expression, such as if (x < zero) - x else x. Or it can be a block, like the one that you see here in braces, or finally an anonymous function such as x arrow x plus one. The last syntactic category are definitions. We have seen so far function definitions and value definitions. Function definitions start with a def, followed by an identifier, followed by zero or more parameter lists, followed by an optional result type, followed by an equal sign and finally an expression. Value definitions are simpler, they consists of val, then an ident, then an optional type, then equals, then expressions. Parameters can be by name, or by value. So a parameter is an identifier, then a colon and then comes a type, but you can prefix the type with the arrow, and you've seen that means a call by name parameter. So that's all the syntax that we've seen so far, that we've needed so far in our examples. We will add more elements as we need them over the coming weeks. So those are all the language elements that we have used so far. You will notice that they're all related to functions and that we have spoken very, very little about data. You had only some primitive data types like doubles or ints or booleans. This is going to change next week where we are going to study new ways to indroduce data that are centered around classes and

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