By the second century BCE, Rome was the rising power throughout the Mediterranean, beyond Italy. But the glory of Rome was only beginning. There was much more, much, much more that lay ahead. To imitate the huge temples of the Greek world, the Etruscan rulers of Rome built their own large temple, in about 509 BCE, on the Capitoline Hill. The Temple of Jupiter, now enclosed within the newly remodeled Capitoline Museums, its foundations and basement, built in large rectangle blocks, still survive. Here we are on the Capitoline Hill, walking past these statues of the heroes, Castor and Pollux, and moving toward the statue of Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Here in this Renaissance Complex, we're gonna go into the Capitoline Museum and see one of the most controversial sculptures in the entire Roman world. In front of the temple complex was found a remarkable ancient bronze. A she-wolf, which for a long time, has been thought to date to about 500 BCE, and be one of the earliest large bronzes from ancient Rome. Recently, this famous symbol of early Rome, whose alleged founders Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf, has been called into question, and has been thought to be possibly of medieval date, and not even ancient Roman or Etruscan at all. >> [SOUND] Well the Capitoline she-wolf is going to be controversial, I think, and the most interesting aspect of it is not just whether it's medieval or whether it's fifth century BC. The most interesting aspect, I think, is really where, it could be really anywhere in between those places, those times. And my inclination is to think that yeah, it could be later, but before we move something that makes a lot of sense in the fifth century, as an archaic Etruscan piece, we need to see some concrete evidence. It's not a huge piece, so at an archaic date, why couldn't it have been cast in a single throw, in a single casting? We just don't know enough about early Etruscan bronze working to say, yes this fits or this doesn't. And in fact, one of the problems is, we don't even have enough to compare it to in terms of just monumental Etruscan sculpture in general. To move it to the medieval period, I think, is just, well is just downright daffy, I think at this point.