[MUSIC] Welcome to Module 7 in the course Disease Screening in Public Health, where you will learn about screening in the specific context of low and middle income countries. We will also consider the case of screening in high income countries for immigrants from low and middle income countries. If you completed Module 6, you should understand, the main concepts related to public mental health. The importance of screening in an ageing population along with areas where this may be controversial. And the link to screening and maintaining well-being. This will help you understand the next module that explores screening of chronic diseases, referred in this module to non-communicable diseases in limited resource countries and special considerations, when screening in immigrants from these countries. In this module, we look at screening in low to middle income countries, and with populations that originate from these countries. This will be a presentation by several experts that include Professor Pascal Bovet from the division of chronic diseases at the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine in Lausanne. Dr. Katherine Savage from the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France. And Professor Patrick Bodemen, from the Poly Medical University Clinic, who is also the head of The Center for Funable Populations there. Many of the topics we've explored in this course so far have been pressing issues for high income countries. In this module we'll consider the screening issues that are relevant, not only for high income countries, but topics that are specific to the case for low and middle income countries. While infectious diseases are still very important considerations for these countries, increasingly chronic and degenerative diseases are contributing to an onerous double burden for public health. Screening is an important investment, so it needs to be considered carefully in an environment where resources are significantly constrained. Another consideration is whether the healthcare system in these countries is able to provide appropriate, post-screening followup that includes diagnosis, rehabilitation, and treatment. For low and middle income countries, the causes and development of disease may not be understood. And we cannot assume that it'll necessarily be the same as what occurs in high income countries. The focus of screening has not necessarily shifted from infectious to chronic diseases for these countries, but this will increasingly need to be considered. These factors will be basis for recommendations of screening in low and middle income countries that will be developed in this module. For high income countries, migration also presents a specific challenge for how to screen in populations that may have originated from low to middle income countries. We will explore this as a case for culturally appropriate care, using the example of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that is an important public health concern related to immigration. The learning objectives for this module are to identify the main non-communicable diseases that are the most important in low and middle income countries, and what strategies should be considered for screening. To describe the key characteristics and benefits of the best buys for screening of noncommunicable diseases in low and middle income countries. And finally, to define the special considerations that should be used for screening of migrants from low to middle income countries. Thank you for your time and attention. I hope you enjoy this module. [MUSIC]