Hello, in the last video we learned about choosing good sources. In this language focused video, we will discuss when we should cite a source, and how to make an in-text citation. This will help you with assessment two of this unit. You will be describing how the scientific community might work together to reduce the causes and, or impacts of climate change. You will be using your own research and sources to support your claim, and will need to cite them within your text. You'll need to use what you learn in this video to decide which sources to cite and how to cite them. Citations are an important part of any academic paper. They serve two main purposes. One, to give credit or recognition to the author who originally published the information or idea. And, two, to give your readers a guide as to where that information can be found. So, when should you cite a source? As a general rule, you should cite a source any time the information in your paper is something you did not know before you started reading about the topic. This includes quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing or referring to something from another source or text. Sources can include books, newspaper articles, magazine articles, academic articles, blogs, websites, interviews, films, music, etc. To cite something in your paper, you need to include two things, an in-text citation and more details about the source in a list of references. In this video, we are going to focus on how to include in-text citations in your writing. An in-text citation is exactly what it sounds like. It is a citation you include in the text of your paper. Different academic journals have different rules for citations, but they often include two things. First, the author's last name, and second, the date the source was published. It looks something like this. Let's look at a specific example together. Let's imagine you are writing a paper about ways to rid the environment of carbon dioxide, and want to use the following quote from the article we read earlier, entitled, "Can the Earth be saved by turning CO2 to stone?" written by Lea Terhune. The quote you want to use states the following. CO2 can be captured anywhere, because it's in the air in similar concentrations worldwide. If captured near volcanic rock and water, the CO2 could be injected and mineralized on the spot- cost-effectively. To cite this source in your text, you would include the author's last name and the year the article was published, in parentheses, at the end of the quote. It would look like this. Notice how the period goes outside of the parentheses. If you wanted to take this same example, but include a paraphrase of the idea rather than a direct quote in your paper, it would look something like this. CO2 is in the air everywhere. CO2 can be removed from the air cheaply when it is located near volcanic rock and water. This is possible because CO2 can be injected into rock formations close by and mineralized immediately. Notice how the citation comes at the end of the sentence and the period comes after it. Remember that the references at the end of a paper include the full detail of the source so readers know exactly where they can find the full text. Here's an example of how a reference list might look. Usually, sources in a reference list show the author's last name, just like in your in text citation. For assessment two, the reference list will be optional. You will only have to cite your sources in the text of your response. And you can choose to create a reference list if you want. In this video, we learned when we should cite a source, and how to make an in-text citation. Next, you will play a game to apply what you've learned about citing sources, and then apply what you've learned in assessment two.