This course gives you access to basic tools and concepts to understand research articles and books on modern quantum optics. You will learn about quantization of light, formalism to describe quantum states of light without any classical analogue, and observables allowing one to demonstrate typical quantum properties of these states. These tools will be applied to the emblematic case of a one-photon wave packet, which behaves both as a particle and a wave. Wave-particle duality is a great quantum mystery in the words of Richard Feynman. You will be able to fully appreciate real experiments demonstrating wave-particle duality for a single photon, and applications to quantum technologies based on single photon sources, which are now commercially available. The tools presented in this course will be widely used in our second quantum optics course, which will present more advanced topics such as entanglement, interaction of quantized light with matter, squeezed light, etc...
So if you have a good knowledge in basic quantum mechanics and classical electromagnetism, but always wanted to know:
• how to go from classical electromagnetism to quantized radiation,
• how the concept of photon emerges,
• how a unified formalism is able to describe apparently contradictory behaviors observed in quantum optics labs,
• how creative physicists and engineers have invented totally new technologies based on quantum properties of light,
then this course is for you.
Quantum Optics 1 : Single Photons
von
École Polytechnique
8,584 Angemeldet
Lehrplan - Was Sie in diesem Kurs lernen werden
Woche
15 Stunden zum Abschließen
Quantization of light: one mode
In this first lesson, you will discover what is canonical quantization, apply it to the quantization of a single mode of the electromagnetic field, and find that it behaves as a quantum harmonic oscillator. The notion of photon will then naturally emerge, as well as the weird but fundamental notion of vacuum fluctuations.
13 Videos (Gesamt 119 min), 3 Lektüren, 10 Quiz
13 Videos
1.0 Introduction to Lesson 15m
1.1 Canonical quantization10m
1.2.1 Material harmonic oscillator /111m
1.2.2 Material harmonic oscillator /212m
1.3 Single mode of radiation9m
1.4 Canonical quantization of a single mode10m
1.5 Observables6m
1.6 Number states; Photon7m
1.7 Vacuum fluctuations5m
1.8 What have we learnt? What next?4m
Introduction to homework 111m
Quantization of classical oscillators12m
3 Lektüren
Homework 1
Correction of Homework 130m
Einstein's 1905 paper introducing the "photon"
10 praktische Übungen
Questions about the general introduction8m
Practice quiz video 1.110m
Practice quiz video 1.2.14m
Video 1.2.2.6m
Video 1.34m
Video 1.48m
Video 1.52m
Video 1.72m
Video 1.82m
Homework 1 evaluation16m
Woche
23 Stunden zum Abschließen
One photon state in a single mode: particle-like behaviour
In this lesson, you will discover how the quantum optics formalism leads to the particle-like behaviour of a one photon wave-packet. For this, you will have to learn the quantum optics expressions of the simple and joint photodetection signals. A comparison with the semi-classical expressions will illustrate the necessity of quantum optics.
7 Videos (Gesamt 52 min), 2 Lektüren, 5 Quiz
7 Videos
2.1 The semi-classical model of optics9m
2.2 One-photon state in a single mode10m
2.3 Photo-detection signals7m
2.4 Single photo-detection signal for a one photon state4m
2.5 Double photo-detection signal for a one photon state: a fully quantum behavior6m
2.6 Quantum optics: a must9m
2 Lektüren
Homework 2
Correction of Homework 230m
5 praktische Übungen
Video 2.14m
Video 2.22m
Video 2.32m
Video 2.68m
Homework 2 evaluation18m
Woche
33 Stunden zum Abschließen
One photon interference: Wave-Particle duality
In this lesson, you will address the fascinating question of a single photon interfering with itself, by calculating the interference pattern for a single photon launched into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In order to do it you will first learn how to treat a beam-splitter in quantum optics, a very important tool that you need to know. You will also learn that when you want to describe an optical instrument in quantum optics, it is very useful to master its classical optics description. This lesson is an opportunity to think about the mysterious concept of wave-particle duality, and about the power of the quantum formalism, which can deal consistently with two behaviours apparently contradictory .
6 Videos (Gesamt 56 min), 3 Lektüren, 4 Quiz
6 Videos
3.1 Beam-splitter in quantum optics16m
3.2 One photon wave-packet on a beam splitter9m
3.3 Mach-Zehnder interferometer in classical optics9m
3.4 One-photon interference5m
3.5 Wave-particle duality: “a quantum mystery”; a consistent formalism7m
3 Lektüren
Homework 3
Homework 3 correction30m
A historical feeble light interference experiment10m
4 praktische Übungen
Video 3.1 Tensor product properties6m
Video 3.2 Transforming photon number operator on a BS2m
Final practice quiz2m
Homework 3 evaluation20m
Woche
44 Stunden zum Abschließen
Multimode quantized radiation: quantum optics in a real lab
In the real world there is nothing like purely monochromatic radiation. A correct description of radiation necessarily involves several modes. In this lesson, you will learn how canonical quantization can be easily generalized to the case of several modes, and how various observables or important quantities introduced in the single mode case are expressed in the multimode case. Beyond the formalism that you must learn to be able to read papers and books describing real situtations, you will encounter in this lesson some intriguing features of the quantum formalism: firstly, the unbelievably large size of the space of states, which is the reason for the unlimited potential power of quantum information; secondly, the question of infinities, a problem which was solved by the general procedure of renormalization. Note that optional readings are proposed as resources of some lectures.
8 Videos (Gesamt 60 min), 3 Lektüren, 2 Quiz
8 Videos
4.1 Canonical quantization of multimode radiation14m
4.2 Eigen-states of the Hamiltonian: space of states, energy of the vacuum7m
4.3 Total number of photons2m
4.4 Linear and angular momentum6m
4.5 Field observables: vacuum fluctuations4m
4.6 Photo-detection signals12m
4.7 Conclusion: what you have learned; the quantum vacuum7m
3 Lektüren
Paper of Glauber 1983 on quantum formalism of light10m
Homework 430m
homework 4 corrected30m
2 praktische Übungen
Video 4.46m
Homework 4 evaluation22m
Top-Bewertungen
This course give me a brief idea about single photon. Thank you for providing such a good course.
A course worth taking for those seeking an introduction to Quantum Optics.
Dozenten
Alain Aspect
ProfessorPhysics
Michel Brune
ProfessorPhysics
Über École Polytechnique
L’École polytechnique associe recherche, enseignement et innovation au meilleur niveau scientifique et technologique mondial pour répondre aux défis du XXIe siècle. En tête des écoles d’ingénieur françaises depuis plus de 200 ans, sa formation promeut une culture d’excellence scientifique pluridisciplinaire, ouverte dans une forte tradition humaniste.
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Ist finanzielle Unterstützung möglich?
Is it necessary to follow this course to enrol in the future second course on quantum optics?
There is no obligation, but the notions learned in this course will be necessary to follow the second course, which will present interaction between matter and quantized radiation, absorption, stimulated emission and spontaneous emission of photons, squeezed light, entangled photons, quantum treatment of non-linear optics, and applications to quantum technologies, etc...
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